Neuroanatomy Review

Discussed in this lecture, the Neurology of the Pelvic Muscles allows the student to engage in understanding of the function of the muscles.  This covers both structure and function of the nerves of the sacropelvic region with a focus on the horse and the dog.  The goal of this lecture is to enable the student to comprehend what portions of the neuro axis he or she is affecting when making changes based on symptoms viewed in the dysfunction of the muscles of the sacropelvic region.  Dr. Amy Hayek is the instructor.  (Neuroanatomy of the Cranial Nerves) The Cranial Nerves; the goal of this lecture is to increase the understanding of basic neurology and examination of the cranial nerves.  Dr. Amy Hayek will explore the function and use of cranial nerve output as a marker to the doctor in determining treatment routes to spark interest in the neurological principles related to subluxation and the healing abilities of the animal chiropractor.  We will use this information to expand on the neurological implications of the adjustment.  This lecture will begin with the cranial nerves, as they are easily memorized and expand to their functions in terms of the neurological examination and how they are both affected by peripheral nerve damage and how they contribute to peripheral symptoms. Dr. Amy Hayek is the instructor.  Cervical Neuro Anatomy looks closely at the nervous system as it pertains to orientation along the neck of the animal.  This course examines each species and will allow the student to identify anatomical locations of nerves exiting the spine on the neck. Dr. Amy Hayek is the instructor.  Thoraco Lumbar Neuro Anatomy; the neurology of the trunk of the animal is a continuation of the neuroanatomy of the cervical region.  Because of the cranial to caudal relationship of innervation to target muscle or organ, the previous spinal arrangement will always lead us to function in the following spinal arrangement.  This is the beauty of the design set out by embryogenesis.  The student should be able to identify the patterns of this arrangement.  Dr. Amy Hayek is the instructor. Thoracic Limb Neuro Anatomy; for as much as our understanding of neurology has developed and changed over the past 30 years, the neuroanatomy of the animal’s veterinarian’s treatment has stayed the same.  However, some of the understanding of how the muscles which are innervated by the nerves has also improved.  This course will look to the cutting edge of neurology in explaining the function of the nervous system on the thoracic limb and how it contributes to animal behavior. Dr. Amy Hayek is the instructor. Pelvic Limb Neuro Anatomy:  The nerves of the hind leg are arranged, as the front limb, in an orderly fashion.  All of the nerve fibers originate from the ventral spinal roots of the Lumbar spinal segments.  We will review briefly the nervous system of the hip in order to address muscles that originate there but that affect the limb.  The student will be able to identify the spinous sections from which the nerves arise and what may cause dysfunction in certain areas of the limb upon completion of this lecture as our goal is to help students gain confidence in their ability to restore function to this area.  Dr. Amy Hayek is the instructor.  Cutaneous Innervation is a course that illustrates the innervation of the skin of the horse and the dog.  It outlines the individual nervous pathways from the spinal column to the areas of the skin affected by each spinal segment.  This course drives home the need to retain this information for clinical practice and identifies several scenarios in which the information can help the student recognize cutaneous issues as segmental dysfunction and de-afferentation in the animal patient.  Students will complete this course with a new appreciation for the skin as an organ system and its indications that aid in identifying the issues in their animal patients.  Dr. Amy Hayek is the instructor.